Primary research resources is when the researcher does not change anything in the answers or data that the respondents gave. The researcher just write down the report based on what the respondents give without changing anything towards respondents answers therefore, primary research resources is highly valid.
Secondary research resources is when the researcher might add another information that he/she in the answers that the respondents give in making the report. For example : mass media, newspaper, etc. we do not know the information that the researcher add on is 100% valid or not therefore, secondary research resources is not highly valid.
Selasa, 28 Desember 2010
What is covert participant observation ?
Covert participant observation means when a researcher/sociologist take part and being involved in a particular group that he/she studying for without telling anyone his/her identity to anyone in the group members in order for them to have the normal behaviour and normal activity so it will not affect the result to the research.
what is non-participant observation
Non-participant observations is when the researcher/sociologist does not take part or being involved in the research. For example: when a researcher/sociologist wanted to study a group of kindergarten children, he/she just observing them because it is impossible for the researcher/sociologist to become a kindergarten children.
What is official statistics ?
Official statistics is the data collected by the government over a period of time. For example : death rates, birth rates, divorce rates, etc.
Describe two strength and two limitations of using questionnaires as sociological research method.
One strength of using questionnaires as sociological research method is it is quick and cheap. Since, the reearcher does not need to interview the respondents one by one, the researcher could make a lot of copies of the questions and he/she could just simply spread the questions to the large amount of people and let the respondents write down their answers by themselves and the researcher have to wait the respondents to reply their answers back.
Another strength of using questionnaires as sociological research method is the answers that the respondents gave to the researcher is able to be tabulated in the quantitatice data which is a data that can be tabulated in the forms of numbers, statistic, graph, pie chart, etc. Thus, make the researcher able to determine the social trends in the society easily.
One limitations of using questionnaires as sociological research methods is low response rate. The numbers of respondents who will reply the answers back to the researcher is very low because the respondents might think that those questions are not really important and they just ignore it therefore, researcher might find difficulties to do the research done.
Another limitations of using questionnaires as sociological research methods is since the respondents are not allowed to give in-depth explanations through their answers therefore the answers that the respondents give are unable to be tabulated in the qualitative data. Secondly, questionnaires are low in reliability because we do not know who exactly answering the questions. For example : the questions are set for the parents but there is possibility that the children who are the one who answering the questions.
Another strength of using questionnaires as sociological research method is the answers that the respondents gave to the researcher is able to be tabulated in the quantitatice data which is a data that can be tabulated in the forms of numbers, statistic, graph, pie chart, etc. Thus, make the researcher able to determine the social trends in the society easily.
One limitations of using questionnaires as sociological research methods is low response rate. The numbers of respondents who will reply the answers back to the researcher is very low because the respondents might think that those questions are not really important and they just ignore it therefore, researcher might find difficulties to do the research done.
Another limitations of using questionnaires as sociological research methods is since the respondents are not allowed to give in-depth explanations through their answers therefore the answers that the respondents give are unable to be tabulated in the qualitative data. Secondly, questionnaires are low in reliability because we do not know who exactly answering the questions. For example : the questions are set for the parents but there is possibility that the children who are the one who answering the questions.
Describe two advantages and two disadvantages of using an interviewer to ask the questions in a social survey.
One advantage of using an interviewer to ask the questions in a social survey is the interviewer could conduct the interview face to face with the respondents. Thus, make the interviewer able to read the respondents body languages and able to know the emotions of the respondents towards certain questions by the tone of voice that the respondents using.
Another advantage of using an interviewer to ask the questions in a social survey is the answers that the respondents give will be more reliable because when the respondents missunderstood the questions or the answer that the respondents gave does not related to the questions, the interviewer might able to explain his/her questions actually is and explain the questions thoroughly.
One disadvantage of using interviewer to ask the questions in a social survey is the present of bias. Since, the interviewer are able to explain the questions it might force or influence the respondents to answers the questions that the interviewer wants. For example : when the respondents does not really understand the questions the interviewer will starts to explain more about the questions and give some example of the answers. When the respondents still doesn not understand, he/she will take the interviewer answers as their answers which is not reliable and not valid.
Another disadvantage of using interviewer to ask the questions in a social survey is the interviewer is not skilled enough to ask the questions therefore, the interviewer might missed the important information that the respondents might gave which is related to his/her research. Therefore the interviewer must be confident and objective when asking the respondents some questions.
Another advantage of using an interviewer to ask the questions in a social survey is the answers that the respondents give will be more reliable because when the respondents missunderstood the questions or the answer that the respondents gave does not related to the questions, the interviewer might able to explain his/her questions actually is and explain the questions thoroughly.
One disadvantage of using interviewer to ask the questions in a social survey is the present of bias. Since, the interviewer are able to explain the questions it might force or influence the respondents to answers the questions that the interviewer wants. For example : when the respondents does not really understand the questions the interviewer will starts to explain more about the questions and give some example of the answers. When the respondents still doesn not understand, he/she will take the interviewer answers as their answers which is not reliable and not valid.
Another disadvantage of using interviewer to ask the questions in a social survey is the interviewer is not skilled enough to ask the questions therefore, the interviewer might missed the important information that the respondents might gave which is related to his/her research. Therefore the interviewer must be confident and objective when asking the respondents some questions.
Senin, 27 Desember 2010
Suggest two reasons why respondents may not tell the truth when answering questions in a social survey.
One reason why the respondents may not tell the truth when answering the questions in a social survey is because the respondents might feel embarassed by the questions. For example : people will less likely to answer a questions truthfullly about their wealth. It is so because they want their privacy and their private live to be protected and they don't want others to under-estimated them.
Another reason why the respondents may not tell the truth when answering the questions in a social surveys is because people might afraid of implications. For example : a former gangster will not answer truthfully about their past it is because they don't want to implicate themselves or the gangster group.
Another reason why the respondents may not tell the truth when answering the questions in a social surveys is because people might afraid of implications. For example : a former gangster will not answer truthfully about their past it is because they don't want to implicate themselves or the gangster group.
Distinguish between Quantitative and Qualitative data
Quantitative data is where the data is able to be tabulated in the forms of statistics, graph, charts, and numbers. Using this data it will make the researcher easier to determine the social trends. Researcher using questionnaires and sampling methods for produce quantitative data.
Qualitative data is where the data is represented by word form. By using this data, it allow the researcher to elaborate his/her answer using their own words and hence, it will give a better understanding to the readers. For example : diary entries, reports, newspapers, novel. Researcher/sociologist use participant observations or unstructured interviews to produce qualitative data.
Qualitative data is where the data is represented by word form. By using this data, it allow the researcher to elaborate his/her answer using their own words and hence, it will give a better understanding to the readers. For example : diary entries, reports, newspapers, novel. Researcher/sociologist use participant observations or unstructured interviews to produce qualitative data.
What is participant observation ?
Participant observation is where the researcher take part or being involved during the research. For example : a researcher wants to study a group of gangsters so the researcher will be one of the groups members and act like the gangsters. The researcher might tell the truth to the group that he/she is doing the research or he/she might tell the head of the group only.
What is respondents ?
Respondents are the person who answer the questionnaires or a person who are being interviewed by the researcher or the sociologist.
What is pre-coded questionnaire ?
Pre-coded questionnaire is where the questions are fixed. The respondents cannot answer the questions using their own words and they are not allowed to elaborate their answers.Pre-coded questionnares are able to be tabulated in a quantitative data.
Selasa, 12 Oktober 2010
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